The Influence of Parenting Styles on the Creativity of Middle School Students

Abstract

This study aims to determine the effect of parenting styles on the creativity of eighth-grade students at UPTD SMPN 5 Kupang during the 2025/2026 academic year. Specifically, this study examines the effects of authoritarian, permissive, and democratic parenting styles on students’ creativity. This study employed a quantitative approach with a descriptive research design. The population consisted of 352 eighth-grade students, with a sample of 88 students selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results showed that parenting styles simultaneously had an effect on students’ creativity, with an F-calculated value of 13.217, which was greater than the F-table value of 3.949. Partially, authoritarian parenting had no significant effect on students’ creativity, with a t-calculated value of −1.688, whereas permissive and democratic parenting styles had an effect on students’ creativity, with t-calculated values of −4.325 and −2.494, respectively. The R-squared value of 0.321 indicates that parenting styles collectively contributed 32.1% to students’ creativity, while the remaining 67.9% was influenced by other factors not examined in this study. Thus, parenting styles simultaneously affect students’ creativity, while partially, only permissive and democratic parenting styles demonstrated an effect on students’ creativity.